Nutrition Problems Leading to Malnutrition in the Geriatric Population

Abstract

The older adult population, age >65, is expected to increase to 80 million by the year 2040, and expand even further to 90 million by 2060. Therefore, geriatric nutrition is a growing field for dietetic professionals. There are many circumstances that put elderly individuals in the at-risk category for malnutrition. Their age alone results in physical risk factors such as functional decline of the GI tract, chronic diseases, and disabilities. Along with these conditions comes the risk for malnutrition, and there is a balance that must be found in order for individuals to successfully maintain proper nutrition status. In addition to these physical conditions, psychological decline is common within the geriatric population. Cognitive conditions are correlated to a decrease in food consumption, and individuals may require environmental changes or professional assistance in order to consume adequate nutrition. This review outlines common health conditions related to the physical and psychological state and their relation to malnutrition among older adults that registered dietitians will need to address when working with the geriatric population.